Thursday, November 28, 2019

How stable was the kingdom inherited by Charles I from his father Essay Example

How stable was the kingdom inherited by Charles I from his father Essay In 1625 after the death of his father Charles I became king.But how save was his power? How stable was the situation he faced?It were difficult times when Charles I came to the throne and inherited not only the kingdom of England but also a quite newborn empire consisting of three kingdoms including England, Ireland and since the Jacobean reign also Scotland.And there was the first issue, although James I managed certain Anglo-Scottish unification there were still ancient hostility and suspicion on both sides. Whereas the English feared a Scottish invasion, the Scots were anxious to loose their independence.This anxieties opened big potential of a war within the British Empire.In addition there was the religious division within Britain.Since 1534 when Henry VIII had rejected the authority of the pope and made himself Head of the church the kingdom suffered religious confusion.By rejecting the Pope Henry had made himself a Protestant and introduced reformation in England without reall y believing in either Luthers or Calvins ideas. Henry VIIIs split from the Catholic Church was ruled by personal interest and not by religious spirit and did not bring any change in Church services. These changes were carried out by his son Edward who strengthened Protestant ideas within the English Church during his short reign 1547-53 whereas Henry VIIIs Catholic daughter Mary on the other hand re-introduced Catholicism violently. She came to the throne in 1553 made the pope head of church again and persecuted Protestantism, during her reign 300 Protestants were executed.Her successor and half-sister Elizabeth I tried to find a middle-way between Protestants and Catholics. She wanted to satisfy both sides with the Elizabethan Settlement of 1559 consisting of two Acts. First the Act of Supremacy which made the king Governor of the Church, as the Catholics would not accept anyone but the pope as Head of the Church. Secondly the Act of Uniformity that created a universal Church of En gland including as many people as possible within it. Elizabeth persecuted radical groups on both Catholic and Protestant sides.But her attempt to please everyone did not work as Elizabeth probably planned.It created Blasphemy, since the people were to confused with the steady change, on the other hand it encouraged the growth of extreme groups. The most important was a steadily growing extreme Protestant minority. They were called Puritans as they wanted to purify the Church by getting rid of iconoclasm and everything else associated with Catholicism.Besides the Gunpowder plot of 1605 (Catholic attempt to kill the king and his family and most of the Protestant parliament) showed clearly the Catholics, who were discriminated against at least since the violent reign of Mary Stuart, were anything but pleases with the Elizabethan Settlement. They had hoped that James I would bring back Catholicism.But James I continued Elizabeth religious policy and so disappointed the Catholics, altho ugh he and Elizabeth both managed to keep religious trouble to an minimum and stabilize the situation to avoid a religious civil war like in France.But a perfect stabilisation was not achieved yet.The society and economy of Charles Is predecessors were mainly based on agriculture, though some industry existed.On top of the society were the Gentry who also carried out local government, the second social group were the yeomen, independent farmer, followed by the husbandry and at the bottom of society labourers and cottagers.Within this hierarchal system the wealth polarisation grew, because of the high inflation and the increasing food prices. This led to poverty of the lower social groups (husbandmen and labourers) and some disturbances. But the economy increased, strengthened by the domestic system, agricultural improvements (e.g. floating of farm land) but mainly by the growing importance of trade and created non-landed elite (e.g. merchants) that on one hand narrowed the gap betwe en poor and rich and so calmed conditions. However they also undermined also subversive social order as they did not fit into the hierarchical system and heightened the fear of lacking control and order cause by the mobility of the population and the growth of migrant floods into the suburbs of big towns. This destabilized local and urban government.Overall the stability of the Stuart society decreased compared to the society during the Tudorian period despite its organized local government consisting of powers, common law and royal prerogative.The increasing economy created both stability and disabilityHowever the growing economy could not fill the hole in royal finances.Ever since the 16th century the government was in dept and this got even worse during the Jacobean reign since James Is finance policy was quite extravagant.He summoned parliament just to ask for money and as the MPs steadily refused to give him the demanded cash, James I tried to raise money without parliament but through impositions or sale of monopolies.Of course his finance policy led to quarrels with parliament as royal income did not keep up with its outcome. The quarrels were increased by the fact that James I strongly believed in the Divine Right of Kings and even claimed kings were not just Gods lieutenants but were even called gods by God himself whereas parliament insisted on the rule of law and that the king has to act within it.Another controversial point was the impeachment policy of the parliament trough which the MPs could bring the kings ministers to court. But the king saw the choice of his ministers as part of the royal prerogative.On top of parliaments black list was George Villiers, Earl of Buckingham and the kings first favourite on whom the whole royal patronage was concentrated.Buckingham was the highest ranking person outside the royal family and parliament was very anxious that the king is influenced by just a single man.The parliament was very dissatisfied about Jam es Is reign besides the fact that he kept dissolving the parliament in case they disagreed with him.Therefore the relation between crown and parliament was about to explode.Altogether the kingdom Charles I inherited was not as stable as he probably would have wished.His fathers legacy was an only partly unified kingdom, but a stabilized religious division, a society less stable than after the Tudorian reign, weak financial conditions and an upset parliament.So nothing can been seen as really stable. But the question is:How successful can Charles I handle these issues?

Monday, November 25, 2019

Social Work Values essays

Social Work Values essays Identify and examine their own values, attitudes, and spirituality by considering societal responsibilities for others in need. Throughout all of my reading I have done a lot of thinking. Mainly thinking about what I believe is the right decision or view on topics. Reviewing this topic of social work values brought me to chapter 3. I read about how social workers are to be culturally sensitive to others beliefs upon many different ways of life. I want to examine values, attitudes, and spirituality. A social worker must understand his or her own self before he or she can help other people with their own problems or concerns. Should abortion be legal? Are gay and lesbian marriages right? Is it okay to have one nation under God on our countrys currency? These are all questions that I can quickly answer. I can answer them because I have already established a set of values that I follow in life. Some questions may be hard even though my values have already bee established. Values are the key to making decisions. What my values are will determine how I handle and take a stance on a given situation. I am sure this a very hard aspect of being a social worker, because many of the things that I have read about that social workers are obligated to do I do not believe in. I wonder how I would make a decision in those cases. The next aspect is attitudes. I really couldnt find any straight up answers to attitudes that should be given, but I know that the attitudes I form and show will be a result of my values, which have already been formed. The attitude, in my opinion, is how I display myself through actions or words after a situation has been handed to me. It is important to help all people and your reaction could be the result of them getting better or worse. So sensitivity is defiantly the key. The last is spirituality. This should be handled with the greatest care, in my judgment. Base ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Projecting Financial Trends 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Projecting Financial Trends 1 - Assignment Example For a company to the existence, for a longer period it needs to consider all the surrounding factors that tend to affect the environment where it is located. These helps in approximating the trends and reduce the risk of running out of the business or being unable to cope up with prevailing economic times that are dynamic (Sullivan & Steven, 2007). Economic factor helps in determining the future economic trend of a business based upon facts that are present and affect the output of a business. For example if the region that the business is located is experiencing a high level of inflation the output of the business will be affected negatively. These will influence financial projection and will be reflected in a downwards trend. Projection is influenced by the prevailing outcomes that will either make the business has a hard time with its operations or friendly environment (Clark, 2008). Companies that are located in friendlier financial environment tend to have a higher projection due to reduced cost of running and a better environment for doing

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Procurement Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Procurement - Coursework Example Although enacted more than a decade later the Procurement Law was designed to arrest if not prevent a repeat of the era which was considered the lowest ebb the construction industry have experience in the United Kingdom. Although generally applicable in construction project where the government is the primary client, both reports take into consideration one important aspect in construction projects that is the satisfaction of the client. This report shall tackle the procurement process in construction that is designed to deliver projects that will not only address the needs of the clients but also satisfy the requirements of the other leading proponents of the project. This report shall describe the differences and nuances of the different procurement route that is available in the construction industry to achieve the common goals of the clients, the project proponents and the organization tasked to carry out the project to its completion. This report shall likewise attempt to design or come up with a strategic procurement route that could be a hybrid or a combination of the different procurement route that is available to better achieve the requirement of the Principal of Heriot Watt University (HWU). ... This report shall tackle the procurement process in construction that is designed to deliver projects that will not only address the needs of the clients but also satisfy the requirements of the other leading proponents of the project. This report shall describe the differences and nuances of the different procurement route that is available in the construction industry to achieve the common goals of the clients, the project proponents and the organization tasked to carry out the project to its completion. This report shall likewise attempt to design or come up with a strategic procurement route that could be a hybrid or a combination of the different procurement route that is available to better achieve the requirement of the Principal of Heriot Watt University (HWU). The client in this case the Principal of Heriot Watt University (HWU) is contemplating to build a new auditorium, with 200 seats, high specification multimedia theatre with air conditioning and comfortable tiered seati ng that can provide excellent visibility. The auditorium will feature a full size interactive screen and computer driven presentation facilities perfect for conference, lectures and presentations. In developing the best procurement strategy for this requirement a prime consideration would be the complimenting or convergence of technology and the civil construction aspect that would provide the best comfort for the auditorium’s users. A Strategic Approach to Procurement In previous years, the construction industry has taken a passive stance in the delivery of its service to its client that could be from the public or private sector. This resulted not only to failed projects but extremely dissatisfied clients even if the organizations tasked to construct these projects only

Monday, November 18, 2019

Ethical Argument Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethical Argument - Research Paper Example Finally, too much testing is compromising the emotional health of students, causing them severe anxiety and interfering with the learning process. With these elements to consider, too much testing is not an effective method of learning and major changes must be implemented soon in order to promote better learning and outcomes among students. Testing Anxiety in Schools Introduction Testing is one of the ways by which schools evaluate and assess the efficacy of the learning process among students. The process of testing includes short quizzes and long periodic examinations with varying states of intensity and duration. These tests naturally cause moments of anxiety among students who often have to go through moments of stress with each test. The stress also often lasts from the time the tests are announced to the time the results are released. In between these tests, these students also have to endure the constant strain of studying, of doing projects, finishing homework, and the possi bility of unannounced tests. The age and the maturity of students in dealing with these school demands do not seem to be a major concern among some educators. In recent years, concerns about too much testing and too much homework have been pointed out by parents, teachers, and by students themselves. They also point out that too much testing is causing much anxiety among students, often compromising their learning and emotional development. Not everyone shares their concerns however, with other parents and educators arguing that testing is an essential part of the learning process and that the number of testing is sufficient for effective learning. Based on these contrasting arguments, this paper shall discuss the thesis: Too much testing in schools is compromising the students’ learning and emotional development. This essay will first provide a literature review on the development of this issue. Secondly, it will present the supporting ideas for this argument. Each reason or argument shall be presented in ascending order based on strength. Thirdly, possible arguments and arguments to these supporting arguments will also be discussed and rebutted. Finally, this paper shall end with a conclusion, further reiterating the main arguments of the paper and providing a clear answer and support for the current position in this thesis. Literature review A Los Angeles Times (2011) editorial discussed that the federal policy No Child Left Behind has become a very rigid policy because it emphasizes the need to carry out standardized tests for English and Math. This article also pointed out how the tests do not focus on the essential learning processes which students can apply in their lives. In effect, these tests do nothing more than cause anxiety to students, and do not contribute significantly to the overall academic development of students (Los Angeles Times, 2011). In a study by Barton (1999), the author discussed that there are some negative trends in the Ame rican educational testing system. This trend has been on the proliferation of standardized testing, which has increased in number and frequency. Barton (1999) emphasized that increase in standardized testing has made the educational process and system quantitative in approach. However, the schools and the learners are short-changed in terms of the information which students need in order to claim

Friday, November 15, 2019

Sound Technique In Amadeus

Sound Technique In Amadeus The film was mainly about how Salieri was jealous of Mozarts musical talent and achievements and how he always wanted to be like him. Mozart was a child who played the piano and violin from the age of five and was considered the most talented child as a musician. During his life time, he composed over 600 pieces of his music and work. After the death of Salieris father, Salieri moved to Vienna and produced a lot of musical peaces until he was promoted to be in the position of court composer. The emperor then learns about Mozart and chooses to assign an opera especially for him. When Mozart moved to Vienna and performed his opera, it was a great success and thats when Salieris envying started to grow up more and more. Salieri started his battle with God, after comparing Mozarts wonderful pieces of music to the sound of God. And by that his misery and madness continued to grow. Moreover, after too many music and hard work, Mozart was exhausted and Salieri decided to take this chance an d take his revenge by making Mozart work to death. Salieri sends a spy costumed as a home maid to work in Mozarts house. She then goes back to Salieri and tells him about all whats going on in Mozarts house and how he works all day long, with his health condition getting worse by each day. Finally, Mozart dies before finishing the piece of requiem he was writing. Also, Salieri believed that God would rather destroy his great beloved Mozart rather than letting Salieri share a small part of the glory of killing Mozart. He also believed that God kept him alive for thirty two years to torture him. Sound Technique: Sound is one of the most essential tools of expressing messages in a movie. The art of film is Sound; it adds meaning into the film. Some films had full orchestras and others had piano playing as a background of the film. Music in films was played for both artistic and practical reasons. Sound is divided into two types: synchronizing and nonsynchronous sound. Also, sound made acting seems more natural. As the Frenchman Rene Clair thought, sound shouldnt be used indiscriminately but rather it should be used selectively. He also thought that just like images, sound can be edited in films as well. Moreover, he thinks that just as the eye, the ear is discerning too (Giannetti, 2010). Sound effects in films create certain atmosphere, but also can be a great source to add meaning into the film. The cinematic sound is mixed in a studio after the shot of a scene has been taken. The sound editor then collects all different sounds in a film. The sound mixer then selects the pitch, volume, and tempo of each sound in the film. Sound in films can be either diegetic or nondiegetic, which means sounds that can be heard or sounds that couldnt be heard. Moreover, high pitched sounds generate tension and are frequently used in suspense sequence, during or before the films climax. Beside, low pitched sounds can too generate mystery and anxiety. Some suspense sequences starts with similar sounds. Furthermore, low frequency sounds are less tense. Moreover, the sound volume could be either loud or quiet. Loud sounds are likely intense and threatening. And quiet sounds are likely to be more delicate and hesitant. Additionally, the faster the tempo of the sound the more tension it g enerates and vice versa. Also, off screen sounds build up the image ahead of the frame. Film directors use those off screen sounds to create anxiety. Usually, film directors clean up the soundtracks of the movies from all the irrelevant noises. Also, internal emotions in films can be showed by using sound effects. Complete silence in films also could bring up meaning and create a certain mood. Complete silence is likely to generate some form of tension in films and brings up the feeling that something impending is nearly going to happen. An example of silence in movies could be using freeze frame, silence in a sound film can be used to symbolize death, because we tend to associate sound with the presence of ongoing life (Giannetti, 2010 p.212). Music can create a more convincing atmosphere of time and place. (Prendergast, 2005). Any filmmaker or director should use music effectively, after knowing what exactly they want from music. Music can create a specific mood or feeling to the film. Some types of music can imply locales, classes, and ethnic groups to the film. Usually, songs are been recorded in a studio beforehand and afterwards actors perform the songs in movies with lip-synch to those recorded songs. Also, music can be used as a foreshadowing, to make the audience ready for a dramatic scene. One type of music in films is called anxious music, which is a warning to get the audience ready for the next scene. That anxious music sometimes might just be false alarm. Lyrics can be attached to music and thats when characterization can be more accurate (Giannetti, 2010). The deeper reality of film music, the necessity which found body in its lucky accident, involves the way the film tries to evoke a sort of temporary and illusive film-subjectivity, which closely mimics our everyday subjectivity. (Spande, 2005). Musical, is one of the most common genres in films, like opera and ballet. There are two types of musicals: realistic and formalistic. Realistic Musicals are mainly offstage stories and the production numbers are introduced as dramatically reasonable. Formalistic Musicals make no believe at realism. Right in the middle of a scene, actors just come out in a song and dance without losing out into the number with a reasonable pretext (Giannetti, 2010). Words in movies are spoken not written. Actors can stress and emphasize on some words over others in order to reach the right effects needed. By pausing and/or hesitating, an actor can completely change the meaning of the whole sentence. Harold Pinter, the dramatist and screen writer, believes that language is more of a cross-talk; which is a method of covering up fears and doubts. This method is more efficient in films than on stage, due to having camera close ups that are capable of expressing the intended meanings behind the words. Moreover, music and sound effects may change the meaning of words. For example, a sentence spoken in an echo hall will be totally different than a sentence being whispered. Spoken language in films can have so many different meanings based on the vocal and visual emphasis and the soundtracks. Furthermore, spoken language in films has two types: monologue and dialogue. Monologues are usually combined with documentaries; which means that a narrator off sc reen tells the audience some information along with some visuals. Usually monologues are used in fiction movies. Besides, showing what an actor is thinking about is called interior monologue, this method is often used in plays and novels. Moreover, Dialogues are break down into stage dialogue and screen dialogue. Stage dialogues are not realistic even in realistic plays, because in real life people dont express their thoughts or feelings with such accuracy. On the other hand, film dialogues tend to be more realistic, because in films camera close ups make it much easier to show details. Furthermore, in dubbed movies it is hard to match up sound with image, especially when the movement of an actors lips isnt synchronized with the sound (Giannetti, 2010). Applying the Sound Technique in the movie Amadeus: Amadeus is considered a musical drama biography film. The use of music in Amadeus doesnt simply add to the background sound; however it plays more essential role; it becomes a character and a part of the narrative. Moreover, throughout the whole film, we can hear pieces of Mozart and Salieris music. Music in Amadeus was very important, because the whole film circles around music. The writer of Amadeus, Shaffer, uses Salieri to translate Mozarts music to the audience by explaining the core of Mozarts music piece. The director of the movie, Forman, tried to pay a lot of attention to the details of music in Amadeus and ways to record it. In Amadeus, the movie was shot around the music and not the other way around. Mozarts operas that were included in the film, showed the excellence of the musical and visual quality of the movie. At the start of the movie, there was a dramatic opening scene with the music of Don Giovanni, which represented fright and despair. That scene was dark and Salieri was shouting out Mozarts name asking for his forgiveness. The operas that were shown in the movie were related to the plot. They object as instruments of both Mozart and Salieri. In the movie, Mozarts operas show his position and how he is a great composer. And Salieris operas show how his work turns against him and how his battle is hurting him. Some of the melodies in those operas were symbolic in the movie. Almost in the middle of the movie, in the scene where Salieri was browsing through Mozarts handwritten composition, music appeared while Salieri was reading through the transcript. Music appeared in this scene to demonstrate to the audience the various emotions that Salieri was feeling. He was admiring what he was reading, however envying Mozart and also feeling despair of himself. Moreover, the music in this specific scene was presented also to show the audience how Mozarts work was creative and different than the usual. Besides, the scene shows that when Salieri reads the notes, he and the audience both hears the music. But in fact Salieri is not really hearing the music; instead he is imagining it in his head. The audience, on the other hand, is the ones who are really listening to the music. Salieri is experiencing the same piece of music as the audience, but not listening or hearing it for real. He is having very strong feelings of the value of the music and admiring the excelle nt quality of it while getting it through his mind instead of hearing it through his ears. Furthermore, a scene that is alike is when Mozart was dying. Mozart was dictating Salieri in a very high speed that no one can follow except of Salieri. Within a short time after the dictation, we hear the Requiem, the opera that Mozart was working on. We first hear it single instruments, then the whole final form all together. Then, we hear the whole Requiem when Mozarts wife comes back home. Also, in Amadeus some of the music was there to present what is going on in Mozarts head. Throughout the whole film, we can see how he continually hears music in his head and then he writes the notes down. This great skill of Mozart to produce his music is used in so many scenes in the film. In the scene right before the entrance of Lorl, Mozarts Father, we see that Mozart was composing his music and we also hear the music that he is hearing in his head. Then Mozarts wife, Constance, enters and had to shout his name out in order for him to hear her over the music that was played in his head. Suddenly, the music stops and Constance begins to argue with Leopold. After that, Mozart goes back to his work and the sound of music comes again, when the voices of his wife and his father fades away slowly. Another example of the sound, one of the cinematic techniques, in Amadeus is how difficult the thoughts were being expressed throughout some of the scenes with no words, but with music instead. For instance, in the scene where Mozart left his house, work, and his wife to go to party, he entertains people by singing The Magic Flute and playing the piano. The scene shows us how even though he was trying to sing louder and louder, he was feeling guilty for leaving his wife asleep at home and leaving his work behind, but that wasnt shown by any words, rather it was being expressed by the sound of music. Last but not least, one of the most extraordinary sounds in Amadeus was the giggle of Mozart. Its a high pitched giggle and a memorable sound, which was repeated several times throughout the entire movie. The first time we heard that giggle was in the scene where Mozart meets up with the Emperor. And at the end of the film, we hear Mozarts giggle ones again while it echoes throughout his music to end the movie. How this (Sound technique) was closely connected to another technique: At the start of the movie, Salieri was visited by a young priest for confession. Salieri started to talk about the relation between him and Mozart. During the entire movie, the scenes were cut back to this first scene of the movie, the dialogue between Salieri and the priest, which is called a frame story. The scenes that were cut back to the start of the movie were all flashbacks to Salieri and Mozarts lives. Conclusion: In Amadeus, Berger notes, The music becomes another character-theres Mozart and Salieri and the music. Its so perfectly and intimately integrated with the story and the transitions and the underlining, its one of the few movies that is able to coalesce all the functions of music-as source, as score, as underscore, as background-and it adds the idea of it as a voice in itself. (Jackson, 2002).

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Idle Minds and Wagging Tongues: Conversation in Anna Karenina :: Essays Papers

Idle Minds and Wagging Tongues: Conversation in Anna Karenina Perhaps one of the most striking scenes in Anna Karenina is that of Kitty and Levin’s silent declarations of love to each other, etched out cryptically in chalk on a card table, with each understanding innately the exact words the other was saying (362). With the relationship between Kitty and Levin serving as Tolstoy’s model for a strong and successful love, it appears odd that such a relationship should be founded on silence, and in such sharp contrast to the chatter of Society surrounding the couple at the party. How then are we to understand the significance of conversation in the novel, if the most sincere relationships and understandings are not founded upon dialogue, but on unspoken knowledge? Entire subplots and themes are conveyed through conversations between the characters—the peasant problem and farm management, religion, marriage and faithfulness. Everyone is trying to grasp what a good life is, but the ideas expressed in conversation, however, appe ar quite often to contradict both the inner monologue of the characters and their actions, or fall pathetically short of expressing the power of the feelings of characters. For most of the characters, neither Society banter nor intellectual discourse does justice to their real passions, and even personal exchanges are steeped in insincerity. Unless they find a means to express their passions some other way, they are doomed to a life of dissatisfaction at best, or a tragic end at worst. Within the opening conflict of the novel—Stiva’s affair with the French governess and his wife’s reaction when learning of it—Tolstoy first presents this tension between honesty and speech. Before Dolly and Oblonsky’s exchanges, Tolstoy interposes a short confrontation between Oblonsky and his son, Grisha. Oblonsky is â€Å"conscious of not caring as much for the boy as for the girl, but [does] his best to treat them both alike† (7). Although he says, â€Å"Good morning† to Grisha, Oblonsky’s words are insufficient to mask his inner feelings, and his actions betray him through a â€Å"cold smile† (7). Grisha, significantly, does not reply. To reply with some pleasantness would be to pretend that Oblonsky was sincere in his greeting, and Grisha is too naà ¯ve to use speech to do anything but to tell the truth. Short of accusing his father of not loving him, which he is already old enough to understand would be entirely i nappropriate, he can only remain silent.